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Home | Latest Cigar News | Objectives and importance of the fermentation of The Cuban Tobacco
Objectives and importance of the fermentation of The Cuban Tobacco
After the curing process the growers proceed to loosening or tying the leaves; this phase is very important for the quality of the future Cigar; now the leaves that have been strung in the poles (120 - 200 per unit) are descended. The poles are descended in the morning, when the biggest values of relative humidity are present and the day is not very hot. It is necessary to keep in mind that the leaves finish the curing process during the months of few rains, reason for which it is necessary to take advantage of all the reserves of humidity.
The process of fermentation in pylons still when it is the first of a process that includes three or four fermentations, has as basic objectives the following:
To transform the immense majority of proteins into amino acids.
To reduce the contents of nitrogenous substances.
To eliminate starches and sugars totally.
To diminish the contents of nicotine.
To transform the chemical composition of the leaves.
To oxidize some pigments.
To cause the presence of dark colors in the leaf.
To diminish the thickness of the leaf.
To stimulate the reactions of oxidation.
To contribute to the ulterior development of the aroma of the leaf.
Once cured, and ready for being loosed, the leaves of each pole are tied in mallets called sheaves and they are taken to the place of the curing barn dedicated for the fermentation; the sheaves are placed in pylons of 0,5 m of height. The first fermentation begins with the humidity of the leaves and it can last up to 35 or 40 days. This process reduces the chemical composition of the leaves and it stimulates the appearance of the compounds that will allow the appropriate organoleptic characteristics of tobacco. When this phase concludes workers carry out the classification and stripping of the leaves. The pylons are supervised constantly.
The factors that influence in the speed of the process and therefore in the temperature of the pylons are several, standing out the following:
* Type of tobacco (tobacco for filler ferment at a higher temperature than those for wrappers).
* Position of the leaf in the stem (the leaves from the crown ferment at higher temperature than those from the basal area).
* Contents of humidity of the leaves (the more humidity the bigger temperature).
* Presence of oxygen inside the pylon (When making the pylons tobacco should not be pressed, because it diminishes the contents of air and oxygen).
* Height of the pylon (the more height the bigger temperature).
* Width of the pylon (the more width the bigger temperature).
* Isolation of the pylons (the more they be isolated the more uniformity in the temperature)
* Position of the sheaves inside the pylon (the sheaves that are in the center of the pylon will have more temperature than those located in the border).
During the primary process of fermentation one of the most important aspects is the control of temperature, that is why ten days after having made the pylon temperature has to be checked
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